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This paper offers a precise definition of neoclassical economics based on three axioms which lie at the latter's foundations. This definition is all inclusive in that it applies as much to the neoclassical economic models of the late 19th century as it does to today's more flexible and 'inclusive' models. The paper argues that these axioms, simultaneously, (a) provide the foundation for neoclassicism’s discursive success within the social sciences and (b) are the deep cause of its theoretical failure. Moreover, (a) and (b) reinforce one another as neoclassicism's discursive power (which is largely due to the hidden nature of its three foundational axioms) makes it even less likely that it will conduct an open, pluralist debate on its theoretical foundations (i.e. the three axioms which underpin it).

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Ce travail propose une réflexion sur l'origine du processus de segmentation du marché du travail par rapport à l'entreprise. Se situe-t-elle au sein même de l'entreprise ou en amont, c'est à dire entre les entreprises? Cela revient à se demander si on peut avoir une approche microéconomique ou macroéconomique de la segmentation et, à s'interroger sur le rôle réel tenu par les firmes dans le processus. Déterminant pour la théorie, ce rôle est à repenser selon la réponse apportée à notre question.

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The paper studies theoretical and empirical location dispersion of exchange rate arrangements - rigid-intermediate-flexible regimes, in the context of extreme arrangements of a currency board, dollarization and monetary union moderate characteristics of intermediate arrangements (adjustable pegs crawling pegs and target zones) and imperative-process "normalization" in the form of a managed or clean floating system. It is established that de iure and de facto classifications generate "fear of floating" and "fear of pegging". The "impossible trinity" under the conditions of capital liberalization and globalization creates a bipolar view or hypothesis of vanishing intermediate exchange rate regimes.

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One of the main questions most of the globalization theorists have been dealing with is how to provide an adequate classification and systematization of vast and different theories of globalization. In this work we give a closer look to an infamous and highly influential Held's division of globalization theorists on globalists and skeptics. According to globalists globalization represents a real and significant historical process without a precedent, which generates new forms of global economy, global politics and global culture. On the other side, there are skeptics who discard globalization discourse simply as a myth or alternatively as an ideological project of the West. The first part of our investigation of the great globalization debate is dedicated to investigation of the globalist perspective (both the hyper-globalists and transformationists).

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In this article is elaborated the actually question which is developed and discussed it the European Union is the European Social Model (ESM). It is a vision of society that combines sustainable economic growth with ever-improving living and working conditions. This implies full employment good quality jobs, equal opportunities, social protection for all, social inclusion, and involving citizens in the decisions that affect them. As the Euro-zone is struggling to move away from a dramatic slump in its economy and while the Lisbon Strategy and its potential for economic growth, strongly needs reactivation, the debates over the Europe have raised again the issue of a sustainable social agenda for the European Union. Recently, Europe's political leaders defined the ESM, specifying that it "is based on good economic performance, a high level of social protection and education and social dialogue". An important topic of the discussion nowadays is the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on services in the internal market so called "Bolkestein directive". The importance of this article is to give us the answer to the following question: would we have French goods available in French supermarkets all over Poland and no Polish services allowed in France? The EU would be unthinkable without the full implementation of the four freedoms. This is a good directive, going in the good direction.

Article Abrstract:

The optimal monetary rules should help to economic agents to fortify their anticipation about monetary policy. At the same time they should make application of monetary policy by central bank more effective. Consequently numerous central banks as well as other economic agents try to determinate an optimal monetary rule responding to given macroeconomic conditions. However this can be very difficult especially for transition economies or post-transition countries. This is the case of the Slovak Republic; its time series are relatively short and macroeconomic environment has to face different shocks. Thus, a monetary rule should be just some kind of recommendation for monetary authority that does not have to be followed as a binding commitment.

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Major aim of the paper is to explain how Keynesian multiplier model can be used to estimate the effect of expenditure changes on regional economy especially regional income and employment. Among many factors, marginal propensity to consume locally produced goods plays a crucial role in determining regional multiplier effects. A critical feature of the regional multiplier is an extent to which expenditure injections leak out of a region and special attention has therefore been paid to identifying the nature of this leakage. Regional multiplier analysis has undoubtedly proved to be of a substantial value not only for defining and operating regional policy but also in providing an explanation of how regional economies actually function. It nevertheless has its weaknesses, the primary one being that it does not provide detailed information of economic effects of the expenditure injections. As a response to this criticism, regional econometric models which provide far greater details have been developed.

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